Jump to content

Welcome to the new Traders Laboratory! Please bear with us as we finish the migration over the next few days. If you find any issues, want to leave feedback, get in touch with us, or offer suggestions please post to the Support forum here.

  • Welcome Guests

    Welcome. You are currently viewing the forum as a guest which does not give you access to all the great features at Traders Laboratory such as interacting with members, access to all forums, downloading attachments, and eligibility to win free giveaways. Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free. Create a FREE Traders Laboratory account here.

emg

What Demographic is Most Likely to Lose in Trading?

Recommended Posts

What demographics is most likely to lose in trading?

 

 

#1 Women/Female

 

Women are the worst traders ever! However, there are 2 kinds of women: Dyke and barbie doll women. Dyke is most likely to become a successful trader than a barbie doll women. Dyke has balls to trade large quantities.

 

#2 Age 18-30 years old

 

In this group, they are proud to become an adult. They are proud not to live at home with their parent. They are not married or are in the process of getting marry and will do anything to have fun (bars, nightclub vegas, drugs, etc etc etc). They have limited income and look at trading as gambling. These people will most likely to start trading less than $5000. Can't blame them due to limited income.

 

#3 Blue Collar workers

 

In this group, most of them do not have college degree. These group falls in the lower middleclass and lower class. Blue collar define as:

 

A blue-collar worker is a member of the working class who typically performs manual labor and earns an hourly wage. Blue-collar workers are distinguished from those in the service sector

 

Majority of this group search for the holy grail system through google search.

 

#4 Age 65 years old and up

 

In this group, they are retired after 40 years of working and looking to have fun (enjoy life). Majority of this group are the victim of getting scam by the 3rd party educational vendors.

 

#5 Age 30-55 years old

 

In this group, most are in the process of changing career and look at trading as get rich quick after reading many books like soros, warren buffet, etc, etc. They dream of sending their kids to havard. They dream of owning a yacht. They dream of trading at home instead of working at an office. However, it is this group has a higher chance of becoming a successful traders vs others above. They are matured.

 

 

I am looking for a good answer. Bring them up!!

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

wow this has the potential to create some angry people!! :-)

 

my vote is #2 Age 18-30 years old for the exact reasons you described. they are gambling hoping to hit it big ...and will most likely end up losing. if they aren't 'trading', they are betting on sports, playing online poker, or spending time in casinos.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

GREAT(very very bad thought) thanks in name of all women i don't like how ,you describe and paint the women,not all women fortunally aren't so.Sorry but you aren't the holy bible that it's so and stop!

i'm very very angry. .

 

ahimsa

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

I wanted to post a response to this thread but I really don't even know where to begin...

 

How about...do you have any data or studies to back up such a claims, emg?...particularly the section on women? That was pretty low, to say the least.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

I don't think it matters. As much as any member of a particular demographic wishes to believe that there is another group more likely to lose money than theirs, it really doesn't matter. There may be a slight skew at any given time but really there are plenty of trading losers in all walks of life. I actually disagree about women. If they were more inclined to try trading, actually many may do pretty well. Take a look at females in school. Always work hard, prepare well and have little ego. Of course this is general but I would say it's more prevalent in women.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

First the women had ever worked hard more of man because we further works had family childs and all concern the house family organization.but in trading i don't care that is a sexual or demographic factor,all know that the 90% of traders are looser.maybe.its hard fight whit who made the market. after come the istitutional world and banks and we know the rest 5%that win because applied to trading pshichological ,technical and fundamental path and respect for him/herself and other.without care to discriminate none to apart for gender,age or other.second the profitable trader are more humble and its very difficult that wrote in a forum ,i'm strong i'm very profitable,and i'm the unic bla bla bla.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

Ahimsa,

 

I understand why it might upset you somewhat if someone were to insinuate that women are somehow inferior traders, but don't you think it might be an important idea to explore? On a purely prejudiced level, I think the question has little relevance, but from an intellectual standpoint it's a good question. The way women are naturally and the way women develop based on environmental interactions is clearly very different to men. There must be some useful studies out there on this that actually could help us all to better understand ourselves as traders.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
wow this has the potential to create some angry people!! :-)

 

my vote is #2 Age 18-30 years old for the exact reasons you described. they are gambling hoping to hit it big ...and will most likely end up losing. if they aren't 'trading', they are betting on sports, playing online poker, or spending time in casinos.

 

Add drinking, eating like a champ, and a bunch of loose women and you have paradise.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

These are the demographics of people who WILL fail according to a poll I took. The sample size was one. I interviewed myself. Attached is a the data file, including statistical analysis.

 

 

People who will fail at trading:

 

  1. People with minivans - It's been proven that people with minivans have to many things to do, and can't become totally obsessed with the study of trading.
  2. People who like watching court television shows - People who like watching Judge Judy have been studied, and it's been proven that their brains have atrophied.
  3. People with degrees in Political Science - People with degrees in Political Science have been proven to not be able to deal with real world situations, and can never face the real solution.
  4. Former World Wrestling Federation (WWF) champions - They smash their computer equipment.

 

 

People who are most likely to succeed at trading:

 

  1. Nudest - They have no fear of things that are immaterial to trading.
  2. Circus Performers - They know how to deal with risk
  3. Septic System Cleaners and Garbage Disposal Collectors - They are persistent in the face of difficulty
  4. Illusionists - They know the difference between a fake price move and the real thing

 

This is original material. I just thought it up. Comedians came in fifth for people most likely to succeed at trading.

 

Tradewinds

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

think about this:

 

if you are a woman, the odds are higher a woman will fall in the 90% catagory.

If you are 21 years old, the odds are higher he/she will fall int eh 90% catagory.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
think about this:

 

if you are a woman, the odds are higher a woman will fall in the 90% catagory.

If you are 21 years old, the odds are higher he/she will fall int eh 90% catagory.

 

Personally, when I was in my teens and early 20's I made a hell of a lot more trading since it did not matter if I lost everything. Now it does.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

Here is an interesting article:

 

Sorry, but women can’t trade

 

8 March 2011

 

 

As it’s International Women’s Day and everyone’s bemoaning the fact that women don’t have a better deal in life, I’d like to make a brief point: I have tried to employ women as traders; it doesn’t work.

 

Much as it pains me to say so, the reality seems to be that women can’t trade prop. Show me a woman who’s a competent prop trader. I’ll show you a man in disguise.

 

I have tried very hard to disprove this theory.

 

I have hired plenty of women. None of them have ever stuck at it. They all started off in a very conscientious and analytical manner and were very keen, but after two or three months it was all over.

 

Why?

 

I blame two things: emotion and boredom.

 

When a woman trades, it doesn’t take long before she becomes emotionally involved in what she’s doing. She loses the discipline that’s needed to make money consistently. She fails to maximise profits and fails to minimise losses.

 

She also becomes bored. Staring at a screen all day doesn’t seem to offer the mental stimulation that a woman requires. Women need interactivity. In my experience, they’re better at relationship-based trading. When it’s just them and the screen, it doesn’t work.

 

I wish this wasn’t the case. I wish I didn’t have to be the one to point it out. But someone needs to. This isn't a qualitative judgement. In this industry, performance is measured very simply in terms of P&L. I have given a lot of female traders a chance. None of them have taken it.

 

The author is an anonymous (male) prop trader.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
Here is an interesting article:

 

Sorry, but women can’t trade

 

8 March 2011

 

 

As it’s International Women’s Day and everyone’s bemoaning the fact that women don’t have a better deal in life, I’d like to make a brief point: I have tried to employ women as traders; it doesn’t work.

 

Much as it pains me to say so, the reality seems to be that women can’t trade prop. Show me a woman who’s a competent prop trader. I’ll show you a man in disguise.

 

I have tried very hard to disprove this theory.

 

I have hired plenty of women. None of them have ever stuck at it. They all started off in a very conscientious and analytical manner and were very keen, but after two or three months it was all over.

 

Why?

 

I blame two things: emotion and boredom.

 

When a woman trades, it doesn’t take long before she becomes emotionally involved in what she’s doing. She loses the discipline that’s needed to make money consistently. She fails to maximise profits and fails to minimise losses.

 

She also becomes bored. Staring at a screen all day doesn’t seem to offer the mental stimulation that a woman requires. Women need interactivity. In my experience, they’re better at relationship-based trading. When it’s just them and the screen, it doesn’t work.

 

I wish this wasn’t the case. I wish I didn’t have to be the one to point it out. But someone needs to. This isn't a qualitative judgement. In this industry, performance is measured very simply in terms of P&L. I have given a lot of female traders a chance. None of them have taken it.

 

The author is an anonymous (male) prop trader.

 

That is so silly. It's a mile from proving anything.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
Ahimsa,

 

I understand why it might upset you somewhat if someone were to insinuate that women are somehow inferior traders, but don't you think it might be an important idea to explore? On a purely prejudiced level, I think the question has little relevance, but from an intellectual standpoint it's a good question. The way women are naturally and the way women develop based on environmental interactions is clearly very different to men. There must be some useful studies out there on this that actually could help us all to better understand ourselves as traders.

 

 

yes could be an important idea to explored ... but only because are 5 on 1000 women try to become a trader or simply studied this topic or inly for passion for financial markets.for me its the same comparison..to the women that try to run in F1 .they ..are a number very very less than a men ..it's only a minority factor..and isn't neither a speech of excellent matematic mind because there are many woman with a excellent matematic mind.I 'm only very angry with who generalize(and if you go away with the posts you can saw that who opened this trhead again continued to generalize the debate.very,very banal )why said woman are bored in trading......depends in that way they trade.if i work with a more big rest,maybe is different...but if i made scalping ...i'm not bored.but that i must read that woman can't trade is ridicolus.i trade for myself i used my money(but is more the time that i observe and study the market) and i never hear that there are so many man that give a chance for trade for other people.another banal thing is the woman with balls trade with more qualtity.......i will say ....the woman and the man if had a big quantity of money to invest in financial market maybe trade with more quantity because the pain if they lose is less.for the simple way that who had less money if lose all the day after don't can trade the magnate the day after can begining a new day ...for trade.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
I have hired plenty of women. None of them have ever stuck at it.

 

If 90% of all traders fail, you would have needed to have hired at least 10 women to get one that could make money. If the failure rate is 95%, you would have needed to hire 20 women to assure that one succeeded. 20 * 0.5 = 1

 

Of course, you may have noticed a success rate in men, that you didn't see in women, regardless of what the statistics are. I don't know.

 

I'm not trying to make a case either way. But there is a serious problem with making absolute statements without some kind of information that is then used for some kind of a rational proof.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
These are the demographics of people who WILL fail according to a poll I took. The sample size was one. I interviewed myself. Attached is a the data file, including statistical analysis.

 

 

People who will fail at trading:

 

  1. People with minivans - It's been proven that people with minivans have to many things to do, and can't become totally obsessed with the study of trading.
  2. People who like watching court television shows - People who like watching Judge Judy have been studied, and it's been proven that their brains have atrophied.
  3. People with degrees in Political Science - People with degrees in Political Science have been proven to not be able to deal with real world situations, and can never face the real solution.
  4. Former World Wrestling Federation (WWF) champions - They smash their computer equipment.

 

 

People who are most likely to succeed at trading:

 

  1. Nudest - They have no fear of things that are immaterial to trading.
  2. Circus Performers - They know how to deal with risk
  3. Septic System Cleaners and Garbage Disposal Collectors - They are persistent in the face of difficulty
  4. Illusionists - They know the difference between a fake price move and the real thing

 

This is original material. I just thought it up. Comedians came in fifth for people most likely to succeed at trading.

 

Tradewinds

 

nice...i like more the second list ...especially..the 1 and the 4...very nice interwiew,,,:).

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
What demographics is most likely to lose in trading?

 

 

#1 Women/Female

 

Women are the worst traders ever! However, there are 2 kinds of women: Dyke and barbie doll women. Dyke is most likely to become a successful trader than a barbie doll women. Dyke has balls to trade large quantities.

 

#2 Age 18-30 years old

 

In this group, they are proud to become an adult. They are proud not to live at home with their parent. They are not married or are in the process of getting marry and will do anything to have fun (bars, nightclub vegas, drugs, etc etc etc). They have limited income and look at trading as gambling. These people will most likely to start trading less than $5000. Can't blame them due to limited income.

 

#3 Blue Collar workers

 

In this group, most of them do not have college degree. These group falls in the lower middleclass and lower class. Blue collar define as:

 

A blue-collar worker is a member of the working class who typically performs manual labor and earns an hourly wage. Blue-collar workers are distinguished from those in the service sector

 

Majority of this group search for the holy grail system through google search.

 

#4 Age 65 years old and up

 

In this group, they are retired after 40 years of working and looking to have fun (enjoy life). Majority of this group are the victim of getting scam by the 3rd party educational vendors.

 

#5 Age 30-55 years old

 

In this group, most are in the process of changing career and look at trading as get rich quick after reading many books like soros, warren buffet, etc, etc. They dream of sending their kids to havard. They dream of owning a yacht. They dream of trading at home instead of working at an office. However, it is this group has a higher chance of becoming a successful traders vs others above. They are matured.

 

 

I am looking for a good answer. Bring them up!!

 

1 - they have less emotional attachment apparently, and make good traders in general though few are attracted to a male dominated industry

 

2 - nothing to lose and so little fear. if they screw up, they just find another career. They have more objectivity but their ego can destroy them if theyre not cut out for it.

 

3 - these guys tend to have more street smart. more instinct. they dont have the education that blinds college kids into believing theory, laws, natural order, the world owes them a living attitude that just doesnt exist in the market.

 

4- may get scammed, but also may have the money/nest egg for it to be a hobby and not care, thus benefiting from #2. Depends if they have a good nest egg or not

 

5- sound desperate to change their lives and unhappy with the 9-5 job/rat race. Too eager to win rather than understand to change their lot in life. I dont think they can win if desperate - they are more likely to gamble in the hope of the dream. Keep throwing money into accounts and losing it. Probably the biggest demographic of losers.

 

The fact is, if you trade for the money/American dream, the odds are slim. Those who win dont worry about the money. Its only if you can look at the market without a care that you can see what the market is doing and put a position on and manage it with a clear head.

 

Thats why the boards are full of paper trader millionaires, but as soon as it comes to real money, it all falls apart.

 

Be happy with what you have in life now. Appreciate it. You have a lot more than 2/3 of the

world who live in poverty. Youre lucky. Markets dont matter. Be happy with what you have, truly happy, then you can move forward.

 

Read the Bible. Understand Gods Word.

 

The Dude abides.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

EMG - post 12 - Show me a woman who’s a competent prop trader. I’ll show you a man in disguise.

 

I have worked with female traders who are good, and this is an apt description. Its not that women cannot trade, its just that often it seems that they adopt male characteristics to do so. Otherwise EMG, have you recently become divorced or broken up with the girlfriend? :)

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

Join the conversation

You can post now and register later. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account.
Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible.

Guest
Reply to this topic...

×   Pasted as rich text.   Paste as plain text instead

  Only 75 emoji are allowed.

×   Your link has been automatically embedded.   Display as a link instead

×   Your previous content has been restored.   Clear editor

×   You cannot paste images directly. Upload or insert images from URL.


  • Topics

  • Posts

    • GFL Environmental stock, watch for a top of range breakout at https://stockconsultant.com/?GFL
    • PLBY Group stock watch, nice trend with a pullback to 1.83 gap support area, bullish indicators at https://stockconsultant.com/?PLBY
    • Date: 24th February 2025.   German Markets Surge as Friedrich Merz Set To Be Chancellor, Euro Gains on Fiscal Shift   Germany’s stock index futures and the euro rallied after opposition leader Friedrich Merz secured victory. Investors expect a shift toward increased government spending. US-China trade tensions rise as Trump tightens restrictions on Chinese investments. AI optimism fuels Chinese tech stocks despite regulatory concerns. Nvidia’s earnings report on Wednesday is expected to impact market volatility. German Markets React to Election Results Germany’s stock market and currency experienced a sharp rally in Asian trading after conservative leader Friedrich Merz won the country’s federal election. This victory aligns with pre-election polls and signals a potential departure from Germany’s traditionally strict fiscal policies. Futures tied to the DAX Index surged as much as 1.5% on Monday, recovering from early losses in a session marked by thin trading volume. Meanwhile, the euro strengthened against most major currencies, climbing 0.7% against the U.S. dollar. Market analysts believe Merz’s leadership could mark the end of Germany’s tight fiscal stance, with expectations that his administration will prioritize economic stimulus. This shift comes at a critical time, as Europe’s largest economy grapples with sluggish growth, geopolitical uncertainties, and the threat of a global trade war under U.S. President Donald Trump. The euro’s strength also reflects optimism that Merz will form a government quickly, which wasn’t a widely held expectation before the election.     US-China Trade Tensions Intensify While European markets gained, US-China trade tensions escalated as Trump ordered stricter regulations on Chinese investments in key sectors, including technology, energy, and infrastructure. The move is part of a broader strategy to limit China’s influence in strategic industries. Although not legally binding, the directive strengthens oversight by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), a panel responsible for reviewing foreign acquisitions. JPMorgan strategists warned that this decision could reverse gains in Chinese tech stocks, which had rallied earlier in the year. Despite geopolitical headwinds, Chinese technology stocks have posted strong gains this year, largely driven by optimism in artificial intelligence (AI) and key policy shifts. The market remains under-owned by global investors, suggesting potential for further capital inflows. The growing AI industry has helped offset risks from US tariffs, with investor sentiment remaining bullish on leading Chinese firms like Alibaba and Tencent. Chinese officials reacted strongly, with Vice Premier He Lifeng raising concerns about Trump’s recent 10% tariff hike on Chinese goods in a call with US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent. Additionally, sources revealed that Trump’s administration urged Mexico to impose tariffs on Chinese imports as part of broader trade negotiations.   Despite these challenges, investor focus remains on Nvidia’s earnings report on Wednesday, a key event that could drive market volatility.   Gold Nears Record Highs on Inflation and Central Bank Demand Gold prices held near $2,940 an ounce, just shy of last week’s record, as ETF inflows surged and the US dollar weakened. The precious metal is on its longest winning streak since 2020, fueled by rising inflation expectations and mounting geopolitical uncertainties under Trump’s administration. Lower US Treasury yields have also boosted bullion’s appeal, with traders now expecting the Federal Reserve’s first rate cut in July rather than September. Markets will closely watch Friday’s inflation data, a key indicator for Fed policy direction. Final Thoughts Markets are reacting to a mix of political and economic shifts, with Germany’s election outcome boosting European equities while US-China trade tensions create uncertainty for Asian markets. Investors will be closely monitoring fiscal policy changes in Germany, Nvidia’s earnings, and further trade developments for insights into market direction. For more financial market insights and updates, stay tuned. Please note that times displayed based on local time zone and are from time of writing this report. Click HERE to access the full HFM Economic calendar. Want to learn to trade and analyse the markets? Join our webinars and get analysis and trading ideas combined with better understanding of how markets work. Click HERE to register for FREE! Click HERE to READ more Market news.   Andria Pichidi HFMarkets Disclaimer: This material is provided as a general marketing communication for information purposes only and does not constitute an independent investment research. Nothing in this communication contains, or should be considered as containing, an investment advice or an investment recommendation or a solicitation for the purpose of buying or selling of any financial instrument. All information provided is gathered from reputable sources and any information containing an indication of past performance is not a guarantee or reliable indicator of future performance. Users acknowledge that any investment in Leveraged Products is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty and that any investment of this nature involves a high level of risk for which the users are solely responsible and liable. We assume no liability for any loss arising from any investment made based on the information provided in this communication. This communication must not be reproduced or further distributed without our prior written permission.
    • INO Inovio Pharmaceuticals stock, holding strong, watch for a bottom breakout above 2.36 at https://stockconsultant.com/?INO
    • Date: 21st February 2025.   European PMI Disappoint, Weighing on Euro Before German Elections   The Euro is the first currency to witness the volatility on this month’s PMI reports. The French, German and British PMI data have resulted in the Euro being the worst-performing currency of the European Session so far. However, will the Euro continue to decline throughout the day? European Purchasing Managers’ Indexes The French Purchasing Managers Index was the first European index to be made public. The release resulted in the Euro instantly declining 0.24%. The main concern from the French data was the Services PMI which fell from 48.2 to 44.5. Previously the market was expecting the data to remain more or less unchanged. The weak data triggered the decline which came to a halt after Germany’s PMI was released.     The German Manufacturing PMI read 0.5 points higher than previous expectations and the Services PMI was 0.2 points lower. The data from Germany was a relief for Euro investors and the price rose 0.12% higher. However, traders should note that the price of the EURUSD continues to remain 0.20% lower than yesterday’s close. The price of the EURUSD will now depend on the PMI data from the US. The value of the US Dollar will depend on its PMI release this afternoon and the Consumer Sentiment Index. Analysts expect both the US Services and Manufacturing PMI data to remain above the 50.00 level in the expansion zone. German Elections 2 Days Away Germany is set to hold a general election this Sunday, February 23rd, following the collapse of the coalition of social democrats, liberals, and greens. Given the country's highly proportional electoral system, German polls provide a strong indication of potential government formations post-election. The main concern for Germany is the AFD party who are Far-Right Nationalists. Currently, ahead in the polls are CDU (centre-right), and AFD (far right), followed by the SPD (centre-left). Traders should note that the results of the elections are likely to trigger strong volatility on Monday, but also influence volatility today. Economists may become further concerned if the far-right gains power for the first time due to uncertainty. If the government, similar to France, is unable to form a coalition, this would also be a concern for the Eurozone. Furthermore, the Euro this week is also under pressure from comments from members of the European Central Bank. ECB Governing Council member Fabio Panetta said to journalists that officials need not slow interest rate cuts, as January's 2.5% inflation is still expected to reach the 2.0% target this year. He also advised the European economy is weaker than previously expected. EURUSD - Technical Analysis and Indicators The EURUSD is trading above the 75-bar Exponential Moving Average and 100-bar Simple Moving Average on the 2-hour chart. However, the price is moving away from the key resistance level at 1.05058 indicating the price is losing momentum. The short-term volatility is indicating the price is retracing downwards. On the 5-minute timeframe, the price is trading below the 200-bar SMA and is also forming clear lower lows and highs. Simultaneously, the US Dollar Index is trading above the 200-bar SMA on the 5-minute chart confirming no current conflicts. Currently, the US Dollar is the best-performing currency of the day attempting to regain losses from the past 2 weeks. Watch today’s Live Analysis Session for more signals as they develop!   Key Takeaway Points: Weak French Services PMI triggered an initial Euro decline, but German PMI provide a slight relief. However, EURUSD remains lower than yesterday’s close. The Euro’s direction now depends on the US PMI reports, with analysts expecting US data to stay in expansion territory. Sunday's German election could drive volatility, especially if the far-right AFD gains power or if coalition formation proves difficult. ECB official Fabio Panetta suggested no need to slow rate cuts, citing weaker-than-expected economic performance and expected inflation decline. Always trade with strict risk management. Your capital is the single most important aspect of your trading business.   Please note that times displayed based on local time zone and are from time of writing this report.   Click HERE to access the full HFM Economic calendar.   Want to learn to trade and analyse the markets? Join our webinars and get analysis and trading ideas combined with better understanding of how markets work. Click HERE to register for FREE!   Click HERE to READ more Market news.   Michalis Efthymiou HFMarkets   Disclaimer: This material is provided as a general marketing communication for information purposes only and does not constitute an independent investment research. Nothing in this communication contains, or should be considered as containing, an investment advice or an investment recommendation or a solicitation for the purpose of buying or selling of any financial instrument. All information provided is gathered from reputable sources and any information containing an indication of past performance is not a guarantee or reliable indicator of future performance. Users acknowledge that any investment in Leveraged Products is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty and that any investment of this nature involves a high level of risk for which the users are solely responsible and liable. We assume no liability for any loss arising from any investment made based on the information provided in this communication. This communication must not be reproduced or further distributed without our prior written permission.
×
×
  • Create New...

Important Information

By using this site, you agree to our Terms of Use.