Jump to content

Welcome to the new Traders Laboratory! Please bear with us as we finish the migration over the next few days. If you find any issues, want to leave feedback, get in touch with us, or offer suggestions please post to the Support forum here.

  • Welcome Guests

    Welcome. You are currently viewing the forum as a guest which does not give you access to all the great features at Traders Laboratory such as interacting with members, access to all forums, downloading attachments, and eligibility to win free giveaways. Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free. Create a FREE Traders Laboratory account here.

jperl

Trading with Market Statistics VII. Breakout Trades at the PVP

Recommended Posts

are the Bollinger bands a good substitute for what you describe as the 1st and 2 nd SD of the VWAP?

 

no they are not the same.

 

sbatrader, read the posts on VWAP in this forum, as it explains it in detail for you (but there is a lot to read as well)

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

There are issues with how IB report volume (even if you process it tick by tick). Usually it's fine but every now and then it's a point or two off over the day. IB's charts are rudimentary at best (many others are less generous) :D.

 

You can use any charting package that supports IB and has the appropriate indicators written for it. I use Multicharts. Amibroker would do the job though I don't think it reads IB history. I am not sure about Sierra but would guess so. Ninja is a possibility too.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

Hi everybody,

 

I have the following scenario as shown in the screenshot attached. I am trading the italian index future and from 10am to 11am a lots of good news has come out. so the future has just gone up like great! So the PVP is at 20450 and the VWAP is at 20259 I'd assume that means negative skew also because now the price action is in the low region and I'd be expecting the market to retrace. Would I be wrong going short from PVP to the 1SD or what is best to do?

 

thanks

marketprofile_lineablu21.thumb.PNG.bcfe132f1cb507e3db45e63af3c67126.PNG

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
Hi everybody,

 

I have the following scenario as shown in the screenshot attached. I am trading the italian index future and from 10am to 11am a lots of good news has come out. so the future has just gone up like great! So the PVP is at 20450 and the VWAP is at 20259 I'd assume that means negative skew also because now the price action is in the low region and I'd be expecting the market to retrace. Would I be wrong going short from PVP to the 1SD or what is best to do?

 

thanks

 

Wait for the price action to drop below the 1st SD before you consider a short.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

If you go through the threads Jerry has answered my questions on this subject on a couple of occasions. There are a couple of scenarios that cause it that result in price continuing in the original direction. If the 'base' that price comes from is not within your data sample you can get PVP leapfrogging the PVP and price trending on. This can quite often happen on days where price just trends from the open. This is one of the issues with using Persons approximation.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

From my screenshot of 2-min EurUsd futures on 8/12. As a newbie, I can understand section A where skew is negative (blue VWAP is below purple PVP) and to trade short from VWAP and target at SD1 or SD2.

 

However, in Section B, purple PVP moves below SD1 and skew becomes positive. Price doesn't seem to care about positive skew, breaks downside and touches SD3 3 times. I don't wanna be newbie anymore. How do I trade as an expert? ;) Scalp using Shapiro effect and go short at SD1 & SD2 , and long at SD3 & SD2 & SD1, whenever price touches them?

 

Section C, PVP moves up while skew is still positive. However, price never touches VWAP. Price dances at SD1 several times before breaking downside from SD1 to SD3. If I were to go long and short at SD1 w/ Shapiro effect, I would be stopped out 2-3 times because getting it right. :crap:

 

Any comments or kind words from Jerry will be greatly appreciated.

 

-Slowpork

EU.PNG.efffedf0ac14d3d6de719af8fd071434.PNG

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

This 'stair stepping' of the PVP is a phenomenon that I noticed fairly early on and has been discussed on several occasions within the threads. It tends to happen when you don't have the 'base' that price is moving from in the data sample or if volume is steadily increasing (so each new higher volume move causes a pvp 'jump') often it is a bit of both.

 

There are a couple of potential ways of dealing with it but they are not ones that Jerry has advanced, in fact he may well frown on them. One obvious one is to trade a different sample size. I don't know about currencies but with the indexes this behaviour often occurs at the open when there may well be no 'base' established that day. Adding the previous days sample in (as Jerry describes in the position trading thread) often sorts things out. There is a danger here of looking for a sample that fits what you want rather than picking a sample and letting it tell you what it wants. I have grown to like adding the previous day's sample in, currently in the DAX it often seems to 'interact' with price better than today's only.

 

Another thing I do (and I think Jerry might be more disapproving of this one :)) is look at a larger data sample for 'context'. Pretty similar to more traditional 'TA' where you look to a larger time frame for context. Again I think I have spoken of this before and Jerry has offered his words of caution about this! (Missing plenty of good trades on the sample you are trading).

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
Another thing I do (and I think Jerry might be more disapproving of this one :)) is look at a larger data sample for 'context'. Pretty similar to more traditional 'TA' where you look to a larger time frame for context.

 

Yes. And it's also similar to the way a trader using MP might reference the previous day POCs from a 30 min to a faster TF (as I did in the past) although Jerry's previous session HUPs offer the levels but not the true context nor was there a step up in TF if memory serves. That said, it's still the best work on practical market stats I've seen.

Edited by ochie

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

A greeting to all,

 

congratulations to Jerry for its 3D. This is my first post and my question is this:

 

What is the formula to automatically detect the position of the PVP and its around on the VWAP?

 

Thanks for the reply.

 

PS: sorry for my bad English, but is not my mother tongue.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

On the last trade with the Shapiro Effect, is the initial stop loss still at the PVP?

 

After you move into a profit with the bar closing, then you move the stop to breakeven?

 

Thanks, great videos & insight.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

Im having lil difficulty in understanding this, attaching chart of Nifty Future( Index Future traded @ NSE India )

Please answer my queries,

1) as one can see skew is +ve in chart but price is below Vwap n one point also below PVP--- how to trade this ? i have made notes while Reading these threads where i noted that in these situations ..trades should b done into Low volume region with range extension..don't remember exactly which thread that was..can u explain this again

and

2) mark at Point 1...so far skew is +ve/price above Vwap n im looking to enter long..if i enter @ Vwap( point 1) should i put my stop @ today's PVP or should i scale another lot @ PVP..n in that case what should be my stop or reverse method..coz i think buying another lot @ PVP ..it would be naked long..

 

I hope Jperl is around..Great Threads Jperl, learned a lot form it..Sincerely thank u very much for your time

Please reply.

5aa7106cef0b7_4-19-20112-31-07PM.thumb.png.3675dba242bb0e1f2fb685364944ed04.png

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

Remember you don't need to trade all the time, if it does not meet your criteria there is no trade. Having said that you might want to review the break out thread (and possibly the symmetrical distribution one though this does not look symmetrical to me). That gives ideas of other circumstance to initiate trades.

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
Im having lil difficulty in understanding this, attaching chart of Nifty Future( Index Future traded @ NSE India )

Please answer my queries,

1) as one can see skew is +ve in chart but price is below Vwap n one point also below PVP--- how to trade this ? i have made notes while Reading these threads where i noted that in these situations ..trades should b done into Low volume region with range extension..don't remember exactly which thread that was..can u explain this again

and

2) mark at Point 1...so far skew is +ve/price above Vwap n im looking to enter long..if i enter @ Vwap( point 1) should i put my stop @ today's PVP or should i scale another lot @ PVP..n in that case what should be my stop or reverse method..coz i think buying another lot @ PVP ..it would be naked long..

 

I hope Jperl is around..Great Threads Jperl, learned a lot form it..Sincerely thank u very much for your time

Please reply.

it looks like a large hns,see if it sets up and plays out ,if not trade the mp on the left...i added an image,1st time, and it didnt come thru,sorry

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

You r right Blowfish, there is no need to trade all the time but once u miss move, looking for reentries , may be i should have used Shapiro effect.

Actually there was no conviction at all at open..it was open Auction so i tarded both sides Trade(scalps) , made money..bt its Point2 in earlier chart..where Skew +ve bt price moved below Vwap n Pvp..i got Whipped there n ended day with loss :crap:

btw here is how it closed..from point 2..moved +30 points.

 

@ ammo ...in HNS shouldn't be ..head higher than both shoulders..here its opposite.

 

Thanks guys.. :)

5aa7106d99662_4-19-201111-11-30PM.thumb.png.d1a2255883bda42eab9783f00a465c69.png

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
You r right Blowfish, there is no need to trade all the time but once u miss move, looking for reentries , may be i should have used Shapiro effect.

Actually there was no conviction at all at open..it was open Auction so i tarded both sides Trade(scalps) , made money..bt its Point2 in earlier chart..where Skew +ve bt price moved below Vwap n Pvp..i got Whipped there n ended day with loss :crap:

btw here is how it closed..from point 2..moved +30 points.

 

@ ammo ...in HNS shouldn't be ..head higher than both shoulders..here its opposite.

 

Thanks guys.. :)

couldnt see the timeframe on your chart but hns can have 2 heads

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

 

Regardless of whether price action has moved to the PVP or the PVP has moved to the price action, the effect is the same. You are now looking at a zone where trade entry is precarious, so be cautious.

 

Hi Jperl,

 

thank you very much for your effort you made posting here. I noticed that a volume (PVP) shift not necessary means that you are trading in a zone where trade entry is precarous. Because when you are in a trending day the PCP (or VPOC) is shifting behind price and price will make a directional move away from PCP. So for me a PCP shift is often an indication for an established trend (depending on the volume distribution and price action). Trading with the skew would then mean trading against the trend.

How do you see it?

 

All the best,

 

Malvolio

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites
Hi Jperl,

 

thank you very much for your effort you made posting here. I noticed that a volume (PVP) shift not necessary means that you are trading in a zone where trade entry is precarous. Because when you are in a trending day the PCP (or VPOC) is shifting behind price and price will make a directional move away from PCP. So for me a PCP shift is often an indication for an established trend (depending on the volume distribution and price action). Trading with the skew would then mean trading against the trend.

How do you see it?

 

All the best,

 

Malvolio

 

I have noticed this and mentioned it a couple of times over the course of the threads. (probably rather labouring the point).

 

Price will move in the same direction for most of the day and volume will increase with each push attracting new buyers and sellers. On days like this the PVP will frequently jump ahead and form in the new high/low territory (as there where so many buyers sellers at that point). Price often will not hang round there and continue in he same direction. You will get the PvP 'stair stepping' along with the new extremes.

 

There are several things you can do.

 

Stay out of the market. This would possibly be the best choice, it follows Jerrys principles too.

 

Take breakout trades at the 1 SD. In practice I have found on these days the PVP will usually be above the 1SD so this probably won't trigger a BO trade as described here.

 

You could take trades at the 1SD even if the PVP is not between 1SD and VWAP. This pretty much runs against what Jerry has shown us here. You might not even have much chance of that as price leaves the VWAP and 1 SD behind.

 

This is a little hard to describe in words but I have previously posted charts of this type of price behaviour/

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

 

This is a little hard to describe in words but I have previously posted charts of this type of price behaviour/

 

Thank you very much for your post. I will look for the others you mentioned.

 

I have attached a chart (FDAX) from yesterday where we had a strong trend day. You can easily see that the VPOC was jumping ahead (pink stepped line).

In addition price was often rejected at the VPOC.

 

All the best,

 

Malvolio

DAX.thumb.PNG.148aebadab3263f5077bbe4b538c1f45.PNG

Share this post


Link to post
Share on other sites

Join the conversation

You can post now and register later. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account.
Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible.

Guest
Reply to this topic...

×   Pasted as rich text.   Paste as plain text instead

  Only 75 emoji are allowed.

×   Your link has been automatically embedded.   Display as a link instead

×   Your previous content has been restored.   Clear editor

×   You cannot paste images directly. Upload or insert images from URL.


  • Topics

  • Posts

    • lmfx just officially launched their own LMGX token, Im planning to grab a couple of hundred and maybe have the option to stake them. 
    • Date: 2nd April 2025.   Market on Edge: Tariff Announcement and Volatility Ahead!   The US economic and employment data continues to deteriorate with the job vacancies figures dropping to a 5-month low. In addition to this, the IMS Manufacturing PMI also fell below expectations. However, both the US Dollar and Gold declined simultaneously following the release of the two figures, an uncommon occurrence in the market. Traders expect a key factor to be today’s ‘liberation day’ where the US will impose tariffs on imports. USDJPY - Traders Await Tariff Confirmation! Traders looking to determine how the USDJPY will look today will find it difficult to determine until the US confirms its tariff plan. Today is the day when Trump previously stated he would finalize and announce his tariff plan. The administration has not yet released the policy, but investors expect it to be the most expansionary in a century. President Trump is due to speak at 20:00 GMT. On HFM's Calendar the speech is stated as "US Liberation Day Tariff Announcement". Currently, analysts are expecting Trump’s Tariff Plan to impose tariffs on the EU, chips and pharmaceuticals later today as well as reciprocal tariffs. Economists have a good idea of how these tariffs may take effect, but reciprocal tariffs are still unspecified. In addition to this, 25% tariffs on the car industry will start tomorrow. The tariffs on the foreign cars industry are a factor which will particularly impact Japan. Although, traders should note that this is what is expected and is not yet finalised. Last week, President Trump stated that he would implement retaliatory tariffs but allow exemptions for certain US trade partners. Treasury Secretary Mr Bessent and National Economic Council Director Mr Hassett suggested that the restrictions would primarily target 15 countries responsible for the bulk of the US trade deficit. However, yesterday, Trump contradicted these statements, asserting that additional duties would be imposed on any country that has implemented similar measures against US products. The day’s volatility will depend on which route the US administration takes. The harshness of the policy will influence both the Japanese Yen as well as the US Dollar.   USDJPY 5-Minute Chart   US Economic and Employment Data The JOLT Job Vacancies figure fell below expectations and is lower than the previous month’s figure. The JOLT Job Vacancies read 7.57 million whereas the average of the past 6 months is 7.78 million. The ISM Manufacturing Index also fell below the key level of 50.00 and was 5 points lower than what analysts were expecting. The data is negative for the US Dollar, particularly as the latest release applies more pressure on the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates. However, this is unlikely to happen if the trade policy ignites higher and stickier inflation. In the Bank of Japan’s Governor's latest speech, Mr Ueda said that the tariffs are likely to trigger higher inflation. USDJPY Technical Analysis Currently, the Japanese Yen Index is the worst performing of the day while the US Dollar Index is more or less unchanged. However, this is something traders will continue to monitor as the EU session starts. In the 2-hour timeframe, the USDJPY is trading at the neutral level below the 75-bar EMA and 100-bar SMA. The RSI and MACD is also at the neutral level meaning traders should be open to price movements in either direction. On the smaller timeframes, such as the 5-minute timeframe, there is a slight bias towards a bullish outcome. However, this is only likely if the latest bearish swing does not drop below the 200-Bar SMA.     The key resistant level can be seen at 150.262 and the support level at 149.115. Breakout levels are at 149.988 and 149.674. Key Takeaway Points: Job vacancies hit a five-month low, and the ISM Manufacturing PMI missed expectations, adding pressure on the Federal Reserve regarding interest rate decisions. Traders await confirmation on Trump’s tariff policy, which is expected to impact the EU, chips, pharmaceuticals, and foreign car industries. The severity of the tariffs will influence both the JPY and the USD, with traders waiting for final policy details. The Japanese Yen Index is the worst index of the day while the US Dollar Index is unchanged. Always trade with strict risk management. Your capital is the single most important aspect of your trading business.   Please note that times displayed based on local time zone and are from time of writing this report.   Click HERE to access the full HFM Economic calendar.   Want to learn to trade and analyse the markets? Join our webinars and get analysis and trading ideas combined with better understanding of how markets work. Click HERE to register for FREE!   Click HERE to READ more Market news.   Michalis Efthymiou HFMarkets   Disclaimer: This material is provided as a general marketing communication for information purposes only and does not constitute an independent investment research. Nothing in this communication contains, or should be considered as containing, an investment advice or an investment recommendation or a solicitation for the purpose of buying or selling of any financial instrument. All information provided is gathered from reputable sources and any information containing an indication of past performance is not a guarantee or reliable indicator of future performance. Users acknowledge that any investment in Leveraged Products is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty and that any investment of this nature involves a high level of risk for which the users are solely responsible and liable. We assume no liability for any loss arising from any investment made based on the information provided in this communication. This communication must not be reproduced or further distributed without our prior written permission.
    • HLF Herbalife stock, watch for a bull flag breakout above 9.02 at https://stockconsultant.com/?HLF
    • Date: 1st April 2025.   Will Gold’s Rally Hold Strong as New Trade Tariffs Take Effect Tomorrow?   Gold continues to increase in value for a sixth consecutive day and is trading more than 17% higher in 2025. Amid fear of higher inflation, a recession and the tariffs war escalating investors continue to invest into Gold pushing demand higher. The trade policy from April 2nd onwards continues to be a key factor for the whole market. Can Gold maintain its upward trend? Trade Policy From Tomorrow Onwards Starting as soon as tomorrow, a 25% tariff will be imposed on all passenger cars imported into the United States. While this White House policy is anticipated to negatively affect European industrial performance, it will also lead to higher transportation and maintenance costs for everyday American taxpayers. The negative impact expected on both the EU and US is one of the reasons investors continue to buy Gold. Additionally, last month, President Donald Trump announced reciprocal sanctions against any trade partners that impose import restrictions on US goods. Furthermore, tariffs on products from Canada and the EU could increase even more if they attempt to coordinate a response. Overall, investors continue to worry that new trade barriers will prompt retaliatory measures, particularly from China, the Eurozone, and Japan. Any retaliation is likely to escalate the trade conflict and prompt another reaction from the US. Experts at Goldman Sachs and other investment banks warn that this will lead to rising inflation and unemployment. They also caution that it could effectively halt economic growth in the US.   XAUUSD 1-Hour Chart   The Weakness In The US Dollar Another factor which is allowing the price of XAUUSD to increase in value is the US Dollar which has been unable to maintain any bullish momentum. Despite last week’s Core PCE Price Index rising to its highest level since February 2024, the US Dollar has been unable to see any significant rise in value. Due to the US Dollar and Gold's inverse correlation, the price of Gold is benefiting from the Dollar weakness. Investors worry that new trade barriers will prompt retaliatory measures from China, the Eurozone, and Japan, potentially escalating the conflict. Experts at The Goldman Sachs Group Inc. believe that such actions by the US administration will drive rising inflation and unemployment while effectively halting economic growth in the country. Can Gold Maintain Momentum? When it comes to technical analysis, the price of Gold is not trading at a price where oscillators are indicating the instrument is overbought. The Relative Strength Index currently trades at 68.88, outside of the overbought area, since Gold’s price fell 0.65% during this morning’s session. However, even with this decline, the price still remains 0.40% higher than the day’s open price. In terms of fundamental analysis, there continues to be plenty of factors indicating the price could continue to rise. However, the price movement of the week will also partially depend on the employment data from the US. The US is due to release the JOLTS Job Vacancies for February this afternoon, the ADP Non-Farm Employment Change tomorrow, and the NFP Change and Unemployment Rate on Friday. If all data reads higher than expectations, investors may look to sell to lock in profits at the high price. Key Takeaway Points: Gold’s Rally Continues – Up 17% in 2025 as investors seek safety from inflation, recession fears, and trade tensions. Trade War Impact – New US tariffs and potential retaliation from China, the EU, and Japan drive uncertainty, boosting Gold demand. Weak US Dollar – The Dollar’s struggle supports Gold’s rise due to their inverse correlation. Gold’s Outlook – Uptrend may continue, but US jobs data could trigger profit-taking. Always trade with strict risk management. Your capital is the single most important aspect of your trading business.   Please note that times displayed based on local time zone and are from time of writing this report.   Click HERE to access the full HFM Economic calendar.   Want to learn to trade and analyse the markets? Join our webinars and get analysis and trading ideas combined with better understanding of how markets work. Click HERE to register for FREE!   Click HERE to READ more Market news.   Michalis Efthymiou HFMarkets   Disclaimer: This material is provided as a general marketing communication for information purposes only and does not constitute an independent investment research. Nothing in this communication contains, or should be considered as containing, an investment advice or an investment recommendation or a solicitation for the purpose of buying or selling of any financial instrument. All information provided is gathered from reputable sources and any information containing an indication of past performance is not a guarantee or reliable indicator of future performance. Users acknowledge that any investment in Leveraged Products is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty and that any investment of this nature involves a high level of risk for which the users are solely responsible and liable. We assume no liability for any loss arising from any investment made based on the information provided in this communication. This communication must not be reproduced or further distributed without our prior written permission.
    • Date: 31st March 2025.   Trump Confirms Tariffs on All Countries, Sending Stocks Lower.   The NASDAQ continues to trade lower due to the US confirming the latest tariffs will be on all countries. In addition to this, bearish volatility also is largely due to the higher inflation data from Friday. The NASDAQ declines to its lowest price since September 11th 2024. Core PCE Price Index - Inflation Increases Again! The PCE Price Index read 2.5% aligning with expert forecasts not triggering any alarm bells. However, the Core PCE Price Index rose from 0.3% to 0.4% MoM and from 2.7% to 2.8% YoY, signalling growing inflationary pressure. This increases the likelihood that the Federal Reserve will maintain elevated interest rates for an extended period. The NASDAQ fell 2.60% due to the higher inflation reading which is known to pressure the stock market due to pressure on consumer demand and a more hawkish Federal Reserve. Boston Fed President Susan Collins recently commented that tariffs could drive up inflation, though the long-term impact remains uncertain. She told journalists that a short-term spike is the most probable outcome but believes the current pause in monetary policy adjustments is appropriate given the prevailing uncertainties. Although, certain investment banks such as JP Morgan actually believe the Federal Reserve will be forced into cutting rates. This is due to expectations that the economy will struggle under the new trade policy. For example, JP Morgan expects the Federal Reserve to delay rate cuts but will quickly cut towards the end of 2025. Market Risk Appetite Takes a Hit! A big factor for the day is the drop in the risk appetite of investors. This can be seen from the VIX which is up almost 6%, Gold which is trading 1.30% higher and the Japanese Yen which is the day’s best performing currency. Most safe haven assets, bar the US Dollar, increase in value. It is also worth noting that all indices are decreasing in value during this morning's Asian session with the Nikkei225 and NASDAQ witnessing the strongest decline. Previously the stock market rose in value as investors heard rumours that tariffs would only be on certain countries. This bullish swing occurred between March 14th and 25th. Over the weekend, President Donald Trump indicated that the upcoming tariffs would apply to all countries, not just those with the largest trade imbalances with the US. NASDAQ - Technical Analysis In terms of technical analysis, the NASDAQ continues to obtain indications that sellers control the price action. The price opens on a bearish price gap measuring 0.30% and trades below all Moving Averages on all timeframes. The NASDAQ also trades below the VWAP and almost 100% of the most influential components (stocks) are declining in value.     The next significant support level is at $18,313, and the resistance level stands at $20,367.95. Key Takeaway Points: NASDAQ falls to its lowest since September 2024 as the US confirms tariffs on all countries, adding to inflation concerns. Core PCE inflation rises to 0.4% MoM and 2.8% YoY, increasing the likelihood of prolonged high interest rates. Investor risk appetite drops as VIX jumps 6%, gold gains 1.3%, and safe-haven assets outperform. NASDAQ shows strong bearish momentum, trading below key technical levels with support at $18,313 and resistance at $20,367.95. Always trade with strict risk management. Your capital is the single most important aspect of your trading business.   Please note that times displayed based on local time zone and are from time of writing this report.   Click HERE to access the full HFM Economic calendar.   Want to learn to trade and analyse the markets? Join our webinars and get analysis and trading ideas combined with better understanding of how markets work. Click HERE to register for FREE!   Click HERE to READ more Market news.   Michalis Efthymiou HFMarkets   Disclaimer: This material is provided as a general marketing communication for information purposes only and does not constitute an independent investment research. Nothing in this communication contains, or should be considered as containing, an investment advice or an investment recommendation or a solicitation for the purpose of buying or selling of any financial instrument. All information provided is gathered from reputable sources and any information containing an indication of past performance is not a guarantee or reliable indicator of future performance. Users acknowledge that any investment in Leveraged Products is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty and that any investment of this nature involves a high level of risk for which the users are solely responsible and liable. We assume no liability for any loss arising from any investment made based on the information provided in this communication. This communication must not be reproduced or further distributed without our prior written permission.
×
×
  • Create New...

Important Information

By using this site, you agree to our Terms of Use.